Bilgisayar Ağları İle İlgili Birkaç(!) Bağlantı

Türkçe Siteler

• PC Labs: Bilgisayar Ağları Rehberi (Networking):Bilgisayar ağları, ağ türleri ve kullanılan donanım hakkında başlangıç düzeyinde bilgi.
• http://www.turkcenet.org/Bilgisayar ağları ile ilgili isteyebileceğiniz herşey.
• teknoturk.org:Optik bilgisayar ağları hakkında bir kaynak.
• Bilgisayar Ağları ve İnternet:İnönü Üniversitesi Elektronik ve Haberleşme Müh. bölümündeki bir eğitimcinin ağlar hakkındaki sitesi.
• Yrd.Doç.Dr. Ercan BULUŞ:Bilgisayayar ağları hakkında giriş düzeyinde bilgi.
• http://dolu.saneg.itu.edu.tr/mbk/download/dokuman/network/networkduny.htm
• Internet ve ulusal bilgisayar ağları

Sites In English

Alphabetical Index of Categories

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: The Physical Layer

Chapter 3: The Data Link Layer

Chapter 4: The Medium Access Sublayer

Chapter 5: The Network Layer

Chapter 6: The Transport Layer

Chapter 7: The Application Layer

Chapter 8: Network Security

Alphabetical Index of Categories

Authentication

• Biometrics Consortium U.S. government group researching biometric technology
• Biometrics Links To university labs and equipment vendors
• IEEE 802.11x and 802.11aa IEEE standards for authentication
• Kerberos: The Network Authentication Protocol Official page from its inventors, MIT
• Liberty Alliance Distributed authentication project comprising more than 100 organizations and corporations
• PKI Forum Info on Public Key Infrastructure and digital signatures

Bluetooth

• Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) Alliance of more than 2,000 companies developing Bluetooth products
• Bluetooth Tutorial From Virginia Tech, in PDF format.
• Comparison of Bluetooth to other short-range wireless standards From Wireless Developer Network
• Ericsson's Bluetooth Site Technical information mixed with vendor hype, from the technology's inventors
• IEEE 802.15 Group Open standard based on Bluetooth
• Incisor Free monthly magazine published by the Bluetooth SIG's PR company

Cable Television Networks

• Cable Datacom News Online magazine covering the cable modem industry
• CableLabs Certified Cable Modem Project Formerly DOCSIS, the standard for sending data over cable TV
• Cable Modem Tutorial Comprehensive guide to cable modems from the site Cable-Modems.org
• IEEE 802.14 Standards for cable modems from the IEEE

Cellular Telephone Networks

• 3G Americas Alliance representing the American GSM and TDMA industry, formerly the UWCC
• 3GPP2 Responsible for CDMA2000, the 3G standard used in parts of America and Asia.
• CDMA Development Group (CDG) Industry consortium responsible for the cdmaOne (IS-95) standard.
• GSM Association Alliance of companies and governments that sets and promotes GSM standards.
• International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000) The ITU's original vision for 3G
• Mobile Broadband System Theory and Tests 4G wireless
• Open Mobile Alliance Develops WAP, the text-based wireless Web
• Personal Handyphone System (PHS) Popular Japanese system
• Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Responsible for UMTS, the European and Japanese 3G standard
• UMTS Forum Organization set up to promote UMTS, while 3GPP develops the standards

Cryptography

• Cryptography FAQ Series of tutorials on all aspects of crypto
• Encryption and Security-Related Resources Hundreds of links about crypto and security
• Handbook of Applied Cryptography Entire book available for free download, in PDF and PS format.
• International Association for Cryptologic Research Current research in crypto
• Introduction to Cryptography Extensive site, from SSH Communications
• Snake Oil Warning Signs Deflating hype about "unbreakable" encryption
• Centre for Quantum Computation Quantum cryptography, and quantum code-breaking

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• DSL Forum Group promoting DSL, with information on the full alphabet soup
• DSL Life Aimed at consumers, with basic tutorials on ADSL and DSL Lite
• Overview of DSL standards With a particular emphasis on Asia, from AsiaBizTech
• xDSL.com News and analysis site covering the DSL industry, from consultants Telechoice

Domain Name System (DNS)

• Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) Free software that runs most of the Internet's DNS servers
• DHCP Resources on the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• FAQs on DNS From Internic, a registry of domain name registrars
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Organization in overall charge of the DNS
• YouCann Unofficial rival to ICANN, campaigning for more top-level domains

Dynamic Web Page Construction

• Active Server Pages (ASP) A Tutorial
• Active X A tutorial
• The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) A Tutorial
• JavaScript A tutorial
• Java Server Pages (JSP) A Tutorial
• PHP Home Page Tutorials and other resources

Electronic Mail

• Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email Group campaigning against spam
• IMAP page From University of Washington
• POP vs. IMAP Simple guide from Illinois State University
• POP vs. IMAP Comparison More advanced guide from Arizona University
• Sendmail The most popular free SMTP email software
• Spamcop Free spam reporting service

Ethernet

• 10 Gbps Ethernet IEEE task force home page
• 10 Gbps Ethernet Alliance Group of companies promoting it
• 10 Gigabit Ethernet Comprehensive report, online or in PDF and PS format, from Ohio State University.
• Ethernet resources Links to many resources related to Ethernet

Fiber Optics

• Fiber Cables A tutorial
• Fiber Optics A tutorial
• Fiber Optics for Networks A short magazine article
• Fiber Optics Resources From SUNY Stony Brook Physics Dept.

Hacking and Cracking

• BugTraq Mailing list on software security holes, from SecurityFocus
• 2600.com Online version of popular quarterly magazine for hackers
• Interhack Research Studies the latest techniques of attackers
• Nmap Free utility that scans a system for weaknesses

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)

• HDLC and Derivatives Description of many HDLC-based protocols
• RFC 1662 and RFC 2687 Official and proposed PPP/HDLC standard
• Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) Forerunner to HDLC, from Techfest

History of Networking

• Brief History of Networking Timeline from 1791 to 2000, from Silk Road Consulting
• History of Computing Huge and detailed site, from Virginia Tech
• History of Radio From Marconi and Tesla to cell phones
• Hobbes' Internet Timeline With links to key papers
• How the Internet Came to Be By Vint Cerf, inventor of packet-switching
• Internet History Resources from the International Federation of Library Associations
• Morse Telegraph The original data networking technology
• Short History of Internet Protocols at CERN Where the Web was invented

HTML and XML

• Beginner's Guide to HTML From NCSA, which developed Mosaic
• Dynamic HTML A tutorial
• HTML 4.01 standard The latest HTML standard
• HTML Validator Tools for checking Web pages for W3C compliance
• Tutorials on Advanced HTML Features Frames, marquees, sounds, and more
• W3C's HTML Home Page Links to much HTML material
• W3C Tutorials HTML, CSS, XML, XSL, SOAP, and more
• XHTML Tutorial XHTML for beginners
• XML Tutorial XML for beginners

IEEE 802

• IEEE 802 Committee Page Home page of the IEEE 802 committee
• IEEE 802.1 Access Control, Quality of Service and Network Management
• IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CA) See also Ethernet
• IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) Still used in many networks
• IEEE 802.11 (Wireless LAN) See also Wi-Fi Alliance
• IEEE 802.15 (Wireless PAN) See also Bluetooth
• IEEE 802.16 (Wireless MAN) Fixed broadband (MMDS and LMDS)
• IEEE 802.17 (Resilient Packet Ring) Fiberoptic MAN
• Download full IEEE 802 standards Available free six months after they are published, in PDF format
• 802.11 Planet News and hype about IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs

Internet Backbones

• Mapnet Dynamic Java maps of the Internet, from CAIDA
• North American Network Operators' Group (NANOG) Mailing list for network architects
• Russ Haynal's ISP Page Information on major Internet routes

Internet Management

• American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) IP address registry for the Americas and Africa
• Asia-Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC) IP address registry for the Asia-Pacific region
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Telecommunications regulator in the United States.
• International Telecommunications Union (ITU) United Nations bureau in charge of telecom
• Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Has overall responsibility for IP addresses and domain names.
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Handles domain names and the DNS
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Sets protocols and publishes Requests for Comment (RFCs)
• Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE) IP address registry for Europe and the Middle East
• World Internetworking Alliance (WIA) Unofficial coalition of the other groups that govern the Internet
• World Wide Web Consortium Academic/industry group that sets Web markup languages

Internet Protocol (IP)

• IP Addressing Tutorial on IP addressing
• IP Routing Links regarding BGP, OSPF, MPLS, etc.
• IPv6 General information about IPv6
• IPv6 Forum Industry consortium promoting IPv6
• IPv6 Links Sun Microsystems links to IPv6 pages
• RFC 791 - Defines IPv4
• RFC 2460 Defines IPv6
• RFC Sourcebook Very detailed information on and IP related protocols
• RouterGod Humorous tutorials about IP routing

LANs

• Building a LAN Links to many LAN resources
• Ethernet Links about Ethernet
• IEEE 802.11 (Wireless LAN) See also Wi-Fi Alliance
• LAN Protocols   An introduction to LANs from Cisco
• LAN Switching LAN switching tutorial from Cisco
• Token Ring Information about IEEE 802.5
• Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Association

Mobile IP

• IP Routing for Wireless/Mobile Hosts IETF working group in charge of mobile IP
• Mobile IPv6 Four very detailed whitepapers from Nokia, in PDF format.
• Mobile IP Tutorial Covers v4, from Internet Computing
• Mobile IP Tutorial Covers v4 and v6, from Network Magazine
• RFC 3220 Defines the basic mobile IP protocol (updates RFC 2002)
• RFC 3024 Defines reverse-tunneling, used for topologically correct routing

Multimedia

• H.323 Information Site Technical details on the main IP telephony protocol
• Internet Telephony A tutorial
• JPEG Information and links about the JPEG standard
• MPEG Information and links about the MPEG standard
• Open H.323 Attempt to create a free and open-source H.323 implementation
• RTP Real Time Protocol
• RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol
• SIP Forum Information on the Session Initiation Protocol, used to set up multimedia IP links
• Streaming Audio A tutorial on Winamp, Shoutcast, MP3, and more
• Voice-Data Integration White paper from IBM
• Voice over IP Various references
• Telecom Scenarios 2010 Research project into multimedia apps of broadband wireless networks

Network Administration

• IEEE 802.1 Covers network management
• Network Uptime Site for network technicians and managers
• SimpleWeb Tutorials on SNMP and network administration
• Traceroute Tools to trace the route taken by IP packets from 60 countries

Networking (General Sites)

• ATM Information on ATM networks
• Communications Engineering Free online course, from Aberdeeen University
• Data 101 WAN Learning Center Guide to most wide area protocols, from Pulse
• Internetworking Technology Handbook Vast online guide, from Cisco
• Introduction to Networking and Data Communications Free comprehensive book, by Eugene Blanchard
• Networking Conference Dates maintained by Tim Moors at School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications at the University of New South Wales
• Network Tutorial Online book, from Network Magazine

News Media

• America's Network Online version of monthly telecom magazine
• Business Communications Review Online version of monthly networking magazine
• Information Week Online version of weekly news magazine, part of Techweb
• Infoworld Online version of weekly news magazine
• Internet Computing Online version of the IEEE Computer Society journal
• Light Reading Daily news about the optical networking industry
• Network Computing Online version of bi-weekly Network news magazine, also part of Techweb
• Network Magazine Online version of monthly networking magazine, part of Commweb
• Network World Fusion Daily networking news
• News.com Daily news on the networking industry, part of CNet
• Slashdot Continuously-updated links to and comment on news stories
• The Register Daily networking news in the British tabloid style
• TotalTelecom Daily telecommunications news
• Unstrung Daily news about the wireless industry

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

• OSI Networking Layers Online tutorial from New Mexico Highlands University
• Protocol Stacks in Relationship to the OSI Model Where common protocols fit in the stack
• OSI Routing Protocol tutorial from Cisco
• Understanding OSI Online book, by John Larmouth of Salford University

Point-to-point Protocol (PPP)

• Frequently Wanted Information on PPP from the newsgroup comp.protocols.ppp At FAQs.org
• PPP Extensions Working group at the IETF
• RFC 1661 The original PPP specification
• What is PPP? Instructions on using the protocol, from the Linux Documentation Project

Petri Nets

• Petri Net Resources Links to research on Petri Nets
• Petri Net Resources More Petri Net links

Privacy

• Carnivore Detailed info on the FBI's "diagnostic tool"
• Echelon FAQ Info on the secret global spy network
• Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) Campaigns for online privacy and other rights
• Espionage 101 Introduction to electronic industrial espionage
• Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) Privacy polices in XML
• Practical Privacy Online guide, from EPIC
• Privacy.Net Real-time tool that tests browsers to see how much data they reveal
• Tempest Information Page Are all networks vulnerable to wireless sniffers?

Professional and Technical Organizations

• Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Worldwide, for IT people
• ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM)
• Communications Management Association (CMA) European, for network managers
• International Engineering Consortium (IEC) U.S., for the electronics industry
• IEEE Computer Society (IEEE CS) Worldwide
• IEEE Communications Society (IEEE Com Soc) Worldwide
• Internet Architecture Board (IAB) Worldwide, in overall charge of Internet protocols
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Worldwide, sets protocols and publishes Requests for Comment (RFCs)
• Internet Society Worldwide, promotes Internet development

Reference

• Dictionary of PC Hardware and Data Comm Terms Searchable online
• Protocols.com Searchable encyclopedia of networking protocols, from equipment maker RAD
• TechWeb TechEncyclopedia Illustrated online encyclopedia
• Webopedia Another searchable online dictionary of networking terms

Remote Procedure Call

• RFC 1831 IETF's version of  RPC
• Tutorial on Sun RPC Fairly detailed discussion of Sun RPC

Routing

• Audio/Video Transport Working Group Drafts and RFCs about AVT
• Differentiated Services Working Group Drafts and RFCs about DS
• Integrated Services Working Group Drafts and RFCs about Intserv
• MPLS Working Group Drafts and RFCs about MPLS
• OSPF Working Group Drafts and RFCs about OSPF
• PIM Working Group Drafts and RFCs about PIM
• RSVP Working Group Drafts and RFCs about RSVP

RTP

• RTP FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about RTP
• RTP Information Description of RTP plus links
• RTP News From Columbia University
• Real Time Transport Protocol Description of RTP
• RFC 1889 Defines RTP

Quality of Service

• IP QoS A tutorial from Helsinki University of Technology
• IP QoS Magazine article
• QoS Tutorial From Cisco
• QoS over IP Many links from Ohio State University

Satellite Networks

• Globalstar Operational nearly-global network of 48 LEO satellites
• GPS Interactive tutorial using Shockwave, from GPS manufacturer Trimble
• GPS Tutorial Online and downloadable book
• ICO Under-construction global broadband data network of 10 MEO satellites
• Inmarsat The original mobile satellite communications provider
• Intelsat The first and largest commercial satellite operator
• Iridium Operational global voice network of 66 LEO satellites
• Lloyd's satellite constellations Comprehensive site focused on data networking by satellite
• Orbcomm Operational narrowband data network covering most of the world
• Satellite Industry Association Represents the U.S. satellite industry
• Skybridge Planned global broadband data network of 80 LEO satellites
• SkyReport Daily news on the satellite industry
• Spaceway Planned broadband data network from satellite giant Hughes
• Teledesic Planned global broadband data network of 30 MEO satellites

Security

• Anonymous Remailer FAQ Some information and links about anonymous remailers
• CERT Coordination Center Publishes regular alerts and updates about security issues
• Computer Security Institute (CSI) - Information on most network security threats
• Encryption and Security-Related Resources Hundreds of links about crypto and security
• IPsec Working Group Drafts and RFCs about IPsec
• PGP Home Page Code, documentation, and more
• Ross Anderson's Home Page Has links to hundreds of security-related pages
• SANS Institute Studies information security and other networking problems
• Secure Computing Magazine Online version of monthly security magazine
• Security Focus Daily news site about network security, recently sold to Symantec
• TCP/IP Vulnerabilities Security issues with the protocol
• Transport Layer Security IETF Working group

Social Issues

• Anonymous Remailer FAQ Some information and links about anonymous remailers
• Article about the Felten-DCMA Case From the Washington Post
• Copyright and Fair Use From the Stanford University Library
• DMCA Cases From the Electronic Frontier Foundation
• Internet Filters How the most popular ones actually work
• Internet Freedom of Speech Cases - From the Electronic Frontier Foundation
• Internet Freedom of Speech Cases From the American Civil Liberties Union
• Steganography Various links
• TCPA/Palladium FAQ From Ross Anderson
• Why Type 1 Anonymous Remailers Were Abandoned From the Washington Post

Socket Programming

• Manual Pages for Dozens of Socket Calls From the University of Arizona
• Socket Programming FAQ Q&A about UNIX sockets
• Socket Programming How To  Overview of socket programming
• Socket Programming in Java From Sun Microsystems with examples
• Transporting Objects over Sockets Some advanced examples
• Tutorial on Socket Programming in Java The basics
• UNIX Socket Programming A Tutorial
• Using Internet Sockets Beej's guide to network programming
• Windows Socket Programming A Tutorial

Spread Spectrum

• 802.11 and Spread Spectrum A short tutorial article
• ABCs of Spread Spectrum - A Tutorial
• Frequency-Hopping Patent The original Hedy Lamarr patent
• A Tutorial on Spread Spectrum and Packet Radio A Tutorial

Steganography

• Information Hiding Home Page From the University of Cambridge
• Stegoarchive.com Many links to steganography resources
• Survey of Steganography A nice tutorial on steganography

Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)

• Sonet Home Page Tutorials, vendors, FAQs, standards, books, etc.
• SONET Introduction From Worcester Polytechnic
• SONET Overview From the IEC

Standards Organizations

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• ATM Forum
• Bluetooth Special Interest Group
• IEEE Standards Committee
• IETF Home Page
• IETF (RFC page)
• International Standards Organization (ISO)
• International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
• MPLS Forum
• TIA sets Interim Standards, which are later ratified by ANSI
• Wireless Ethernet Alliance
• World Wide Web Consortium

Telecommunications

• International Telecommunications Union (ITU) United Nations bureau in charge of telecom
• Telecomm Technology Many links to telecommunications information
• Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Represents U.S. telecom companies
• Telecom Resources Long List, from Prof. Jeffrey MacKie-Mason of Michigan University.
• Telecom Tutorials With a particular focus on optical networking
• The (U.S.) Telecommunications Act of 1996 Information from the FCC

Telephone System

• International Numbering Plans Information on E.123 and E.164
• North American Numbering Plan Includes list of area codes
• SS7 Tutorial Detailed info on telephone signaling, from the IEC

TCP/IP

• Networking Links A useful collection of TCP/IP related links
• RFC 793 - Defines TCP
• RFC 1180 Tutorial on TCP/IP
• RFC 1644 T/TCP: TCP for Transactions
• TCP/IP FAQ Q&A about TCP/IP and related protocols
• TCP/IP Protocols Links to pages about TCP/IP and other Internet protocols
• TCP/IP Resources Long list of links and offline references
• TCP/IP Tutorial In four parts
• TCP/IP Vulnerabilities Security issues with the protocol
• TCPSat Techniques to make TCP/IP work over satellite links, from NASA
• Transport Layer Security IETF working group standardizing SSL
• Wireless TCP Paper from Ohio State discussing various approaches

UDP/IP

• Multicast Transport Protocols Links to many lesser-used protocols
• Real Time Transport Protocol Description of RTP, the UDP variant used for streaming
• RFC 1889 Official definition of RTP
• RFC 768 - Official definition of UDP
• User Datagram Protocol Details on UDP, from Massachusetts University

VLANs

• IEEE 802.1Q Home Page Many 802.1Q links
• Virtual LANs Links to articles about VLANs
• Virtual LANs A VLAN tutorial from Intel

Viruses and Malware

• Glossary of Virus Terms from Trend
• Virus Bulletin Virus updates, independent of anti-virus software vendors
• Virus Encyclopedia From Kaspersky Anti-virus
• Vmyths Information on virus hoaxes, urban legends and scaremongering

Voice over IP

• Voice over IP Tutorial magazine article
• IP Telephony Page full of  VoIP links from Ohio State University
• Protocols and Resources Another page full of VoIP links

Wide Area Networking (WAN) Protocols

• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Forum Vendor and carrier alliance
• Cell Relay Retreat Lots of information on ATM, from Indiana University
• Frame Relay Forum Alliance of vendors, carriers and consultants
• Frame Relay Tutorials Detailed information and links, from Alliance Datacom
• X.25 Compared to TCP/IP Introduction, from Sangoma Technologies
• X.25 Overview Detailed information, from Techfest
• X.25 Tutorial Interactive program for Windows or Mac, 500 KB download

Wireless Networks

• FCC Wireless Communications Bureau Manages U.S. radio spectrum
• The Resurrecting Duckling Paper on security problems with wireless networks
• Wi-Fi (WECA) Tests that IEEE 802.11 equipment actually adheres to the standard
• Wireless LAN Association Industry consortium promoting wireless LANs
• Wireless Research From Stanford University
• Wireless Research From the University of California at Berkeley
• Wireless Research From  the University of California at San Diego
• Wireless Research From Carnegie Mellon University
• White Papers on Mobile and Wireless Communication Background papers

Wireless Web

• I-mode NTT DoCoMo's i-mode home page
• I-mode FAQ - A general FAQ about WAP
• I-mode FAQ A technical FAQ about WAP capabilities
• I-mode resources Many links relating to i-mode
• Java and the Wireless Web When the wireless Web catches on, Java will be there
• Open Mobile Alliance Develops WAP, the text-based wireless Web
• WAP FAQ Q&A about WAP
• WAP Tutorial A tutorial with references and resources
• WAP versus i-mode A comparison

World Wide Web

• Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Services (OASIS) XML and Web services
• The Internet Archive - Attempts to create regular backup copies of the entire Web
• Web Caching and Content Delivery Resources From Brian Davidson of Rutgers University
• World Wide Web Consortium Academic/industry group that sets Web markup languages
• WWW Virtual Library The original volunteer-run Web directory