Kinematic, kinetic and muscle activation analyses of iron cross on rings
Biomechanical model of the giant swing on the high bar in MATLAB/Simulink
Investigating collision dynamics of soccer balls via energy dissipation method
Investigating energy dissipation behaviour of soccer balls under varying collision velocities
Evaluating muscle fatigue in an 50-repeated isokinetic force test
Designing a real-time feedback control system for knee joint during back squat
Determining subject specific feedback control parameters for knee joint during back squats with varying loads
Comparison of the effectiveness of kinesiology taping and rigid taping on ankle kinematics during drop landing
Computer simulation model for biomechanical analysis of overhead throwing in handball
Investigation the effect of rigid taping on knee and hip joint kinematics in chronic stroke patients with knee hyperextension gait
Gait analysis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A simulation model of the punching bag for estimating punch force
Prediction of ground reaction forces for a lower-body biomechanical simulation model of human motion
A feedback controller design for a biomechanical model of the press handstand in gymnastics
Evaluating responses of a feedback control system for a multi-link biomechanical model
Image processing-based estimation of forces acting on the barbell during snatch and clean & jerk movements
Kinematic, kinetic and muscle activation analyses of iron cross on rings
In this study, a male artistic gymnast performed the support phase of the iron cross movement on the rings.
Muscle activations of the flexor carpi ulnaris, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid were recorded using the surface electromyography (sEMG) method.
The motion was captured in the frontal plane with a video camera, and the shoulder joint angle was calculated using image processing techniques.
Based on the principles of classical mechanics, the horizontal and vertical components of the forces exerted by the gymnast on the rings were computed.
This approach enables the requirements of the iron cross movement to be identified through subject-specific biomechanical analyses.
(Athlete: Ayhan Emre Özgören, 2010)Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2011). Kinematic and kinetic analyses of iron cross on rings in artistic gymnastics. 4th Training Science Congress, 28-30 June, Ankara, Turkey.
Biomechanical model of the giant swing on the high bar in MATLAB/Simulink
In the simulation-based analysis of the giant swing movement on the horizontal bar, an accurate representation of the bar’s mechanical behavior is of critical importance.
In this study, a biomechanical model of the human body was developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, while the bar was modelled as a flexible cylindrical element using material and geometric properties reported in the literature.
The stiffness and damping coefficients of the bar were optimized based on experimental kinematic data.
This approach enables more realistic estimation of joint forces and torques, and facilitates predictive simulations to evaluate the effects of technical variations in the giant swing movement.
Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2014). Simulation of giant circles on high bar. 7th National Biomechanics Congress, 16-18 October, Isparta, Turkey.
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2014). Simulation of giant circles on high bar. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, 2(3):249-251.
Investigating collision dynamics of soccer balls via energy dissipation method
In this study, the energy dissipation characteristics of soccer balls from different brands during impact were investigated.
Balls from five different manufacturers were tested at three inflation pressures and projected toward a tempered glass surface, while their motions were recorded using two high-speed cameras operating at 6000 Hz.
Using image processing techniques, the contact area, ball deformation, and reaction forces were quantified.
A novel method was developed to determine energy loss throughout the collision.
The force measurements and deformation data were experimentally validated.
The analyses demonstrated that at an inflation pressure of 1.0 bar, brand differences had a significant effect on deformation and energy dissipation.
Publications / Proceedings
Tunçel, A., Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (In Press). Comparison of collision dynamics of soccer balls with energy dissipation method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, [In Press]
Tunçel, A., Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2024). Collision dynamics of soccer balls. 22nd International Sport Sciences Congress, Gazi University, 21-24 November, Ankara, Turkey.
Investigating energy dissipation behaviour of soccer balls under varying collision velocities
In football-related studies focusing on material development, injury prevention, and performance enhancement, the impact behavior and structural properties of the ball are of primary importance.
In this study, a ball was projected at varying velocities against a wall using a ball-launching machine, and its motion was recorded with a high-speed camera operating at 4000 frames per second.
Image processing techniques were applied to determine the trajectory of the ball’s center and the degree of deformation during impact.
Energy loss during the collision was calculated and validated using both established equations from the literature and a newly developed method.
Consequently, unlike previous reports, this approach allows the characterization of velocity- and structure-dependent variations in energy dissipation throughout the entire impact process.
Publications / Proceedings
Evaluating muscle fatigue in an 50-repeated isokinetic force test
Muscular fatigue is a physiological condition that adversely affects sports performance and daily activities.
In this study, a novel method was developed to assess muscle fatigue during a 50-repetition isokinetic strength test.
Surface electromyography electrodes were used to record the activity of the upper leg muscles throughout the test.
The newly developed method, implemented in MATLAB using advanced signal processing techniques, was compared with and validated against frequency-based approaches commonly reported in the literature.
This method enables real-time evaluation of muscle fatigue based on signal amplitude.
Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2016). Electromyography in a 50-repetition isokinetic fatigue test. 14th International Sport Sciences Congress, 1-4 November, Antalya, Turkey.
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2017). Comparison of three EMG-based muscle fatigue assessments in dynamic contractions. 35th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 14-18 June, Cologne, Germany.
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2022). Peak counting in surface electromyography signals for quantification of muscle fatigue during dynamic contractions. Medical Engineering & Physics, 107, 103844.
Designing a real-time feedback control system for knee joint during back squat
The control of movement is crucial in computer graphics, animation, sports biomechanics, and robotics to ensure smoothness, accuracy, and stability.
In this study, a proportional-derivative (PD) based real-time feedback control system was designed in MATLAB/Simulink for the knee joint of an athlete performing a squat exercise.
The results of computer simulations using four different control strategies were compared.
The proposed approaches demonstrate potential for application in controlling multiple joint movements across different athletes by employing individualized control parameters.
Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Yaylıoğlu V.D. & Arıtan, S. (2018). Development of a real-time feedback control system for knee joint during back squat. 36th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports. Auckland University of Technology, 10-14 September, Auckland, New Zealand.
Determining subject specific feedback control parameters for knee joint during back squats with varying loads
The aim of this study was to determine subject-specific feedback control parameters for the knee joint during squat exercises performed under different loading conditions.
To this end, a proportional–derivative (PD) based real-time feedback control system, supported by inverse dynamics, was implemented on a four-segment biomechanical model.
The controller parameters were optimized separately for each load. The results demonstrated that although the numerical values of the control parameters increased with load, they maintained a consistent proportional relationship.
Thus, particularly for the knee joint during squats, an individualized criterion for movement control was established from a robotic perspective.
Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2018). Determining subject specific feedback control parameters for knee joint during back squats with varying loads. 9th National Biomechanics Congress, Anadolu University, 19-22 September, Eskişehir, Turkey.
Comparison of the effectiveness of kinesiology taping and rigid taping on ankle kinematics during drop landing
In this study, ankle kinematics were compared under conditions of kinesio taping, rigid taping, and no taping in individuals with unilateral injury.
The three-dimensional positions of reflective markers placed on the foot segment were recorded using an optical motion capture system.
Ankle joint angles in three planes were calculated and visualized with custom MATLAB scripts.
The results indicated that inversion angles were higher in the injured limb compared to the non-injured limb; however, no significant differences were observed between taping conditions.
These findings suggest that taping may be considered as a preventive strategy in sports activities.
Publications / Proceedings
Korkusuz, S., Kilic, R.T., Aritan, S., Özgören, N., Sozay, S., Kibar, S. & Yosmaoglu, H.B. (2022). Comparison of the effectiveness of kinesiology taping and rigid taping on ankle kinematics during drop landing in individuals with lateral ankle injury. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 112(6):21-121.
A simulation model of the punching bag for estimating punch force
The aim of this study was to develop a computer simulation model for the biomechanical analysis of the throwing motion in handball.
Throws performed by a handball player using balls of different masses (0.350, 0.450, and 1.0 kg) were recorded with a three-dimensional motion capture system.
Twenty-four reflective markers were labeled in Vicon Blade, and joint angles were obtained using inverse kinematics.
An eight-segment rigid-body model of the upper extremity was constructed in MATLAB/Simulink, and elbow joint moments were computed through inverse dynamics simulations.
The results demonstrated that as ball mass increased, ball release velocity decreased; pronation and external rotation moments were reduced, whereas flexion moments increased.
Publications / Proceedings
Yüzbaşıoğlu, Y. & Özgören, N. (2021). Computer simulation model for biomechanical analysis of overhead throwing in handball: A pilot study. Movement and Motor Control Congress. 21-25 May, Eskişehir, Turkey. Online.
Investigation the effect of rigid taping on knee and hip joint kinematics in chronic stroke patients with knee hyperextension gait
This study highlights that knee hyperextension during the stance phase of gait in stroke patients disrupts the biomechanical structure of the knee and increases the risk of injury to the capsular and ligamentous structures.
The purpose of the research was to investigate the effects of rigid taping on controlling knee hyperextension and pelvic kinematics.
Thirty stroke patients, aged 40–70 years, were evaluated using a three-dimensional motion analysis system to assess gait kinematics.
Subsequently, the hyperextension taping technique was applied, and the measurements were repeated.
The results demonstrated that rigid taping significantly reduced both knee hyperextension and pelvic retraction.
These findings suggest that rigid taping is an effective method for reducing knee hyperextension and pelvic retraction by mechanically providing a flexion moment to the knee and enhancing proprioceptive feedback.
Publications / Proceedings
Korkusuz, S., Seçkinoğulları, B., Özgören, N., Arıtan, S., Ceren, A.N., Topçuoğlu, M.A. & Balkan, A.F. (2025). Knee hyperextension in chronic stroke: Associated biomechanical and neuromuscular factors. Clinical Biomechanics, 128, 106617.
Korkusuz, S., Balkan, A.F., Seçkinoğulları, B., Özgören, N., Arıtan, S., Ceren, A.N. & Topçuoğlu, M.A. (2025). Investigation the effect of rigid taping on knee and hip joint kinematics in chronic stroke patients with knee hyperextension gait. Gait & Posture, 117:172-178.
Korkusuz, S., Kibar, S., Özgören, N., Arıtan, S., Seçkinoğulları, B. & Balkan, A.F. (2024). Effect of knee hyperextension on femoral cartilage thickness in stroke patients. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 103(5):371-376.
Gait analysis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
This study examined gait abnormalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by comparing arm swing and spatiotemporal gait parameters with those of healthy controls.
Fifteen COPD patients aged 40–65 years and fifteen age-matched healthy individuals participated.
Gait analysis was conducted using a three-dimensional motion capture system during the six-minute walk test.
In both groups, right arm swing in the sagittal plane was greater than that of the left during the swing phase.
While healthy individuals demonstrated asymmetry between right and left arm swings, COPD patients exhibited a symmetrical swing pattern across both axes throughout the stride.
In conclusion, although spatiotemporal parameters were comparable between groups, COPD patients displayed a more symmetrical and abducted arm swing pattern, likely reflecting an adaptive modification.
Publications / Proceedings
Yamikan, H, Özgören, N., Arıtan, S., Karcioglu, O. & Demirel, A. (2024). Gait analysis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Society Congress, 7-11 September, Vienna, Austria.
A simulation model of the punching bag for estimating punch force
In this study, direct punch movements performed by ten male boxers on a punching bag were recorded using a high-speed camera at 1000 Hz.
A mechanical model of the punching bag was developed in MATLAB/Simulink utilising the Simscape libraries.
The bag’s three-dimensional rotational motion was calculated through rotation matrices.
By applying inverse dynamics simulations, the magnitude of the punch force exerted on the bag was estimated.
Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2017). Estimating straight punch force in boxing: A simulation model of the punching bag. 15th International Sport Sciences Congress, 15-18 November, Antalya, Turkey.
Prediction of ground reaction forces for a lower-body biomechanical simulation model of human motion
The aim of this study was to develop a biomechanical simulation model representing the lower extremity of the human body and to calculate ground reaction forces using this model.
A linked-segment mechanical representation of the human body was constructed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
The interaction between the foot segments and the ground was modeled using spring–damper elements.
Through dynamic simulations, human movement could be reproduced, and joint torques were calculated with the aid of the model.
Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2024). Prediction of ground reaction forces for a biomechanical simulation model of human motion. 22nd International Sport Sciences Congress, Gazi University, 21-24 November, Ankara, Turkey.
A feedback controller design for a biomechanical model of the press handstand in gymnastics
In this study, a PID-based control system was designed for the biomechanical modelling of the press handstand in gymnastics.
Ten inverse dynamic simulations were conducted using different controller parameters.
The results demonstrated that maximum and minimum torque values can serve as proportional gains, yielding outputs close to the reference signal even under actuator saturation.
This controller design and model may be further developed to classify control parameters for press handstand performance across different individuals.
Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2016). A feedback controller design for a biomechanical model of the press handstand in gymnastics. 34th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, University of Tsukuba, 18-22 July, Tsukuba, Japan.
Evaluating responses of a feedback control system for a multi-link biomechanical model
In this study, the responses of a PID-based control system were evaluated within a biomechanical model of the press handstand in gymnastics using different kinematic feedback inputs.
First, joint torques were calculated through two-dimensional inverse dynamics analysis to determine controller parameters, after which the same system was employed to simulate varying performance conditions.
The findings demonstrated that the system produced consistent responses across different kinematic inputs and can be further adapted for handstand movements on various apparatuses such as parallel bars and rings.
Publications / Proceedings
Özgören, N. & Arıtan, S. (2016). Evaluating responses of a feedback control system for a multi-link biomechanical model. 8th National Biomechanics Congress, Hacettepe University, 19-23 October, Ankara, Turkey.
Image processing-based estimation of forces acting on the barbell during snatch and clean & jerk movements
In this study, the snatch and clean & jerk movements were recorded using a high-speed camera operating at 250 frames per second.
The two-dimensional position of the barbell’s center was determined through an image processing algorithm developed in MATLAB.
Based on classical mechanics, the positional data were used to calculate both the magnitude of the force applied to the bar and the direction of the corresponding force vector.
This approach enables real-time feedback to athletes during training sessions by analysing the recorded video.